Keywords

The source of truth for the TypeQL keywords and grammar is the ANTLR v.4 specification file: TypeQL.g4.

Clauses

Clause keywords declare a start of a query’s clause:

define: Starts a define clause of a Define query.
undefine: Starts an undefine clause of a Undefine query
match: Starts a match clause that matches existing data by a pattern in an Insert, Delete, Update, Fetch, or Get query.
insert: Starts an insert clause of an Insert query.
delete: Starts a delete clause of a Delete query.
fetch: Starts a fetch clause of a Fetch query.
get: Starts a get clause of a Get query.

Schema statements

Schema statement keywords used inside a clause of a query as a part of a data pattern or a schema definition:

sub: Adds a constraint on a type to be any subtype of a given type.
For more information, see the sub / sub! page.
sub!: Adds a constraint on a type to be a direct subtype of a given type.
For more information, see the sub / sub! page.
type: Adds a constraint on a type to be an exact type by its label.
For more information, see the type page.
abstract: Specify that a given type is an abstract type.
For more information, see the abstract page.
owns: Specify that a type can own attributes of a given attribute type.
For more information, see the owns page.
value: Specify a value type of an attribute type.
For more information, see the value page.
relates: Add a new role for a relation.
For more information, see the relates page.
plays: Specify that a given type can play a given role (in a given relation).
For more information, see the plays page.
@key: Add a key constraint to ownership of a given attribute type by a type.
For more information, see the @key page.
@unique: Add a uniqueness constraint to ownership of a given attribute type by a type.
For more information, see the @unique page.
regex: Specify a regular expression that limits values of a given attribute type.
For more information, see the regex page.
as: Override an inherited attribute type ownership or role playing ability.
For more information, see the owns and plays pages respectively.
when: Specify a condition of a rule.
then: Specify a conclusion of a rule.

Data statements

Data statement keywords used inside a clause of a data query as a part of a data pattern:

isa: Adds a constraint for a data instance to be an instance of a type. Takes into account type inference.
For more information, see the isa / isa! page.
isa!: Adds a constraint for a data instance to be an instance of a type. Does not take into account type inference.
For more information, see the isa / isa! page.
is: Adds a constraint for two concept variables to be equal both by value and type.
For more information, see the isa / isa! page.
has: Adds a constraint for an ownership of a given attribute by a given data instance.
For more information, see the has page.

Modifiers

offset: Offset the result of a query by the specified number of results.
See an example.
limit: Limit the result of a query by the specified number of results.
See an example.
sort: Sort the results of a query.
See an example.

Logic

or: Specify a disjunction between two blocks of statements surrounded by curly brackets.
For more information, see the OR (Disjunction) page.
not: Specify a negation of a block of statements surrounded by curly brackets.
For more information, see the NOT (Negation) page.

Value comparators

==, !=, >, <, >=, <=, like, contains: Specify the result of comparison to be true.
For more information, see the Comparators page.

Aggregation

group: Group results by a given variable.
For more information, see the Grouping page.
count: Count the number of results.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.
max: Find the maximum value of a given variable.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.
min: Find the minimum value of a given variable.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.
mean: Find average value of a given variable.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.
median: Find median value of a given variable.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.
std: Find standard deviation of values for a given variable.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.
sum: Find the sum of values for a given variable.
For more information, see the Aggregation page.